Indonesia’s Political Shifts: From Opposition to Coalition in 2014–2024 Elections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35879/jik.v19i1.620Keywords:
opposition, coalition, presidential election, Indonesia , minimal winning coalitionAbstract
This paper explores the evolving trajectory of political alignments in Indonesia’s presidential elections between 2014 and 2024, focusing on the strategic transformation of political parties from opposition to coalition. Drawing on William H. Riker’s Minimal Winning Coalition theory, it argues that party behavior is shaped not only by electoral calculus but also by the broader objective of maintaining systemic stability. While Riker emphasizes efficiency through minimal coalitions, Indonesian coalitions are often expansive, serving as tools for mitigating political volatility rather than maximizing efficiency. Through a descriptive-analytical method based on secondary literature, this research finds that coalitions in Indonesia prioritize inclusive governance, often at the cost of a weakened opposition. Notable examples include the integration of PAN into Jokowi’s administration in 2015 and Gerindra’s cabinet entry after 2019. While this approach supports continuity and governance stability, it also raises concerns about the dilution of critical oversight. Ultimately, the study underscores how Indonesian coalitional politics reflect a pragmatic balance between power consolidation and democratic legitimacy.Downloads
References
Abdul Jalil. (2019, Oktober). Gerindra, dulu Oposisi Kini Minta Jatah Menteri. detikNews. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4734113/gerindra-dulu-oposisi-kini-minta-jatah-menteri
Alinda Hardiantoro. (2024, April 24). Daftar Partai Koalisi Prabowo-Gibran Usai Ditetapkan Jadi Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Terpilih. kompas.com. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2024/04/24/140000665/daftar-partai-koalisi-prabowo-gibran-usai-ditetapkan-jadi-presiden-dan?page=all
Andi Firdaus. (2024, Oktober). Jokowi berterima kasih pada Prabowo atas kekuatan pertahanan RI. antaranews.com. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4378006/jokowi-berterima-kasih-pada-prabowo-atas-kekuatan-pertahanan-ri
Aristya Rahadian. (2018, Agustus). Inilah Peta Partai Pengusung Capres-Cawapres Pemilu 2019. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20180810195720-16-28087/inilah-peta-partai-pengusung-capres-cawapres-pemilu-2019
Ayatollah. (2015, September 2). Akhirnya PAN Ganti Haluan Pilih Merapat ke Pemerintahan. Jawa Pos. https://www.jawapos.com/politik/01191778/akhirnya-pan-ganti-haluan-pilih-merapat-ke-pemerintahan
Bambang Setiawan. (2023, Oktober). Membaca Peta Persaingan Elektabilitas Ganjar, Prabowo, dan Anies. Kompas.id. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2023/10/10/membaca-peta-persaingan-elektabilitas-ganjar-prabowo-dan-anies
Beardsworth, N. A. (2018). Electoral coalition-building among opposition parties in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Uganda from 2000 to 2017 [Thesis (PhD), University of Warwick]. https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/127926/
Chandra Gian Asmara & Ranny Virginia Utami. (2018, November 21). Prabowo Kritik Keras Jokowi, dari Pajak Hingga Utang. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20181121150204-17-43071/prabowo-kritik-keras-jokowi-dari-pajak-hingga-utang
Daftar Parpol Koalisi Prabowo yang Resmi Jadi Presiden Terpilih. (2024, April 24). CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20240424062036-617-1089715/daftar-parpol-koalisi-prabowo-yang-resmi-jadi-presiden-terpilih
Dian Maharani. (2014, Juli 22). Ini Hasil Resmi Rekapitulasi Suara Pilpres 2014. kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/07/22/20574751/Ini.Hasil.Resmi.Rekapitulasi.Suara.Pilpres.2014?page=all
Emanuella B. (2024, Oktober). Lintas Sejarah Presiden RI, Kembali ke Tangan Militer. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20241019144059-128-581037/lintas-sejarah-presiden-ri-kembali-ke-tangan-militer
Fabian Januarius Kuwado. (2014, Mei). Koalisi PDI-P, Nasdem, dan PKB Hanya Modal “Chemistry.” kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/05/11/0935490/Koalisi.PDI-P.Nasdem.dan.PKB.Hanya.Modal.Chemistry.
Farchan, Y. (2022). Dinamika Sistem Politik Otoritarianisme Orde Baru. Jurnal Adhikari, 1(3), 152–161. https://doi.org/10.53968/ja.v1i3.41
Fath Putra Mulya. (2023, November 16). Gibran membawa angin segar bagi generasi milenial dan generasi Z yang semakin terlibat dalam proses politik. Jogja Antara News. https://jogja.antaranews.com/berita/647238/cawapres-gibran-angin-segar-representasi-pemuda
Ferry Irawan Febriansyah & Yogi Prasetyi. (2021). HUKUM TATA NEGARA INDONESIA (Konstelasi Hukum Ketatanegaraan). STAI Muhammadiyah Tulungagung.
Fitria Chusna Farisa. (2019, Mei). Hasil Pilpres 2019: Jokowi-Ma’ruf 55,50 Persen, Prabowo-Sandi 44,50 Persen, Selisih 16,9 Juta Suara. kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2019/05/21/02440251/hasil-pilpres-2019-jokowi-maruf-5550-persen-prabowo-sandi-4450-persen
Fitria Chusna Farisa. (2024, April 29). Janjikan Keberlanjutan Program Jokowi, Prabowo Akui Perlu Ada Perbaikan. kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2024/04/29/16501441/janjikan-keberlanjutan-program-jokowi-prabowo-akui-perlu-ada-perbaikan
Gandhi, J., & Ong, E. (2019). Committed or conditional democrats? Opposition dynamics in electoral autocracies. American Journal of Political Science, 63(4), 948–963. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12441
Gunanto, D., Hijri, Y. S., & Nurhasanah, P. H. (2024). Dinamika Koalisi Partai Politik dalam Pencalonan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden pada PEMILU 2024. Sawala: Jurnal Administrasi Negara, 12(1), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.30656/sawala.v12i1.8528
Hairi, N. A. B. (2017). Coalition Politics Among Opposition Parties In Malaysia: A Case Study Of Pakatan Rakyat (2008-2016). 173–181. https://doi.org/10.2991/icsps-17.2018.36
Haris, S. (2014). Partai, pemilu, dan parlemen era reformasi. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Hasil Hitung Cepat: Pasangan Prabowo-Gibran Menang Telak. (2024, Februari 14). VOA INDONESIA. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/hasil-hitung-cepat-pasangan-prabowo-gibran-menang-telak/7487007.html
Hix, S., & Noury, A. (2016). Government-Opposition or Left-Right? The Institutional Determinants of Voting in Legislatures. Political Science Research and Methods, 4(2), 249–273. Cambridge Core. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2015.9
Hohendorf, L., Saalfeld, T., & Sieberer, U. (2020). Oppositional Strategies Between Cooperation and Conflict: An Analysis of Opposition Party Voting in the German Bundestag, 1949–2013. Dalam S. Bukow & U. Jun (Ed.), Continuity and Change of Party Democracies in Europe ( 309–342). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28988-1_11
Humas PKS. (2014). Prabowo-Hatta Maju Didukung Enam Partai. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera. https://pks.id/content/prabowo-hatta-maju-didukung-enam-partai
Ibrahim, J. (2024). Kriminalitas, Hegemoni, dan Politik: Premanisme di Yogyakarta Pada Masa Orde Baru. Jurnal Kawistara, 14(1), 18–37. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.73479
Iswari Anggit Pramesti. (2019, Februari 14). Sederet Bukti Konkret Pembangunan Infrastruktur Era Jokowi! CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190214123837-4-55506/sederet-bukti-konkret-pembangunan-infrastruktur-era-jokowi
Jenkins-Smith, H. C., & Sabatier, P. A. (1994). Evaluating the Advocacy Coalition Framework. Journal of Public Policy, 14(2), 175–203. JSTOR. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4007571
Johnson, N. (1997). Opposition in the British Political System. Government and Opposition, 32(4), 487–510. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44484059
Khairul Fahmi. (2024, Oktober). Strategi Prabowo-Gibran memperkuat pertahanan Indonesia. antaranews.com. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4409593/strategi-prabowo-gibran-memperkuat-pertahanan-indonesia?page=all
Kilas Balik Putusan Sengketa Pilpres 2014 dan 2019. (2024, April 21). tempo.co. https://www.tempo.co/pemilu/kilas-balik-putusan-sengketa-pilpres-2014-dan-2019-66257
Majid, A., & Sugitanata, A. (2021). Sistem Pemilu Sebagai Wujud Demokrasi Di Indonesia: Antara Orde Lama, Orde Baru Dan Reformasi. Qaumiyyah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 2(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.24239/qaumiyyah.v2i1.18
Menteri Berkinerja Terbaik jadi Modal Prabowo di Pilpres 2024. (2023, Juli 26). Pos Metro Padang. https://posmetropadang.co.id/berita-utama/251182/menteri-berkinerja-terbaik-jadi-modal-prabowo-di-pilpres-2024/
Mietzner, M. (2014). Indonesia’s 2014 elections: How Jokowi won and democracy survived. Journal of Democracy, 25(4), 111–125. https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/indonesias-2014-elections-how-jokowi-won-and-democracy-survived/
Noventari, W. (2016). Kuasa Dibalik Senyum Sang Jendral (Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Bagaimana Soeharto Melanggengkan Kekuasaan Selama 32 Tahun). VIDYA jurnal Universitas Wisnuwardhana, 24(2), 34–40. https://vidya.wisnuwardhana.ac.id/index.php/vidya/article/view/45
Nugroho, S. (2019). Segitiga Kekuasaan Masa Demokrasi Terpimpin. Jurnal Sejarah, 44, 1689–1699. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Setyo-Adi- Nugroho/publication/349099433_Segitiga_Kekuasaan_Masa_Demokrasi_Terpimpin/links/601fe18d92851c4ed555fdc7/Segitiga-Kekuasaan-Masa-Demokrasi-Terpimpin.pdf
Padiatra, A. M., Rifal, R., Sanusi, A., & Hamidah, D. N. (2023). Kisah Bung Kecil: Rekam Jejak Sutan Sjahrir 1909–1966. Jurnal Tamaddun: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam, 11(2), 18–50. https://doi.org/10.24235/tamaddun.v11i2.14953
Peni Hanggarini. (2011). Reviewed Work: Problems of Democratisation in Indonesia: Elections, Institutions, and Society. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2010. 359 pp. By Edward Aspinall, Marcus Mietzner. Indonesia, 91, 217–222. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.5728/indonesia.91.0217
Polsby, N. W. (1997). Political Opposition in the United States. Government and Opposition, 32(4), 511–521. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44484060
Pramudya. (2024, Agustus). Daftar Partai Oposisi dari Masa ke Masa. https://pojoknegeri.com/daftar-partai-oposisi-dari-masa-ke-masa
Robinson, J. A. (1963). Decision-making and coalition building: A review: William H. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 7(4), 763–768. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200276300700409
Romli, L. (2017). Koalisi dan Konflik Internal Partai Politik pada Era Reformasi. Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional, 8(2), 95–118.
Ronaldo, R., & Darmaiza, D. (2021). Politisasi Agama dan Politik Kebencian pada Pemilu Presiden Indonesia 2019. Indonesian Journal of
Religion and Society, 3(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.36256/ijrs.v3i1.150
Ruby Rachmadina. (2024, Agustus). Kala Masyarakat Berharap Prabowo Lanjutkan Program-program Jokowi... kompas.com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2024/10/21/09153781/kala-masyarakat-berharap-prabowo-lanjutkan-program-program-jokowi
Sebudubudu, D., Bodilenyane, K., & Kwerepe, P. (2016). The politics of opposition electoral coalitions and alliances in Botswana. The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs, 1–26. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124
Siapa Gibran Rakabuming Raka, wapres termuda Indonesia? (2024, Oktober). BBC NEW INDONESIA. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c153jnddj7qo
Siregar, I. F. (2011). Dinamika Demokrasi di Indonesia Masa Orde Lama: Studi Kasus antara Sukarno Versus Masyumi. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 21(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v21i1.1026
Sukarno, S., & Amurwani, P. P. (2020). Konstruksi Mendukung dan Mengkritisi Realitas Prabowo Subianto menjadi Menteri Pertahanan oleh Beberapa Media Online. Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra, 3(2), 140–164. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2019.03201
Taslim Septia. (2024, Oktober). Prabowo Subianto Resmi Menjadi Presiden Indonesia. Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta. https://umj.ac.id/just_info/prabowo-subianto-resmi-menjadi-presiden-indonesia/
Tim detikcom. (2019, Juni 27). Menengok Putusan MK Saat Pilpres 2014. Detik.com. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4602286/menengok-putusan-mk-saat-pilpres-2014
Trisha Husada. (2024, Februari 16). Mengapa Prabowo-Gibran unggul di ‘kandang banteng’? BBC NEW INDONESIA. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/c84nk2x0xnlo
Verelladevanka Adryamarthanino. (2022, April 9). Penyebab Jatuhnya Kabinet Djuanda. kompas.com. https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2022/04/09/100000379/penyebab-jatuhnya-kabinet-djuanda
Vitorio Mantalean. (2024, Maret 20). Hasil Pilpres 2024: Prabowo-Gibran Resmi Menang 96.214.691 Suara. kompas.com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2024/03/20/21292411/hasil-pilpres-2024-prabowo-gibran-resmi-menang-96214691-suara
Wahyu Putro A. (2019, Oktober). Prabowo Subianto sanggupi jadi menteri Jokowi, oposisi akan “makin lemah.” BBC NEW INDONESIA. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-50120201
William H. Riker. (1962). The Theory of Political Coalitions. Yale University Press.
Zaman, A. N. (2022). Kemunculan Jokowi di Pentas Politik Nasional. KAIS Kajian Ilmu Sosial, 1(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.24853/kais.1.1.43-53
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.