Policy Implementation of The Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement in The Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police Jurisdiction

The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation of the ETLE policy in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police Jurisdiction. Data has shown that there have been fluctuations in the trend of traffic violations in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police Jurisdiction from 2018-2023. This research examines further the implementation of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) policy to realize an orderly traffic area in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police Jurisdiction. Researchers use Grindle's policy implementation model to look at policy implementation. The researchers used a post-positivist approach by conducting data analysis techniques using illustrative methods on primary data in the form of in-depth interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with several crucial policymakers, including the Traffic Director at the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police, who led the ETLE policy in its jurisdiction. The results showed that implementation of the ETLE policy in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police jurisdiction has not run optimally in establish an orderly traffic area. Although there is progress in implementation, there are several critical notes that must be addressed to achieve policy objectives.


INTRODUCTION
Public policy in the realm of policing is fundamental and crucial in realizing an orderly and lawful society, as it underscores the link between policy objectives and the concrete results of government activities in the implementation process.According to Grindle (1980), policy implementation in developing countries is often colored by various factors that affect the success or failure of the policy.Grindle emphasizes that the content of policy is fundamental in determining how policy is implemented and the resulting impact.Macro policy content includes goals, objectives and means used to achieve these goals.Grindle points out that policy content reflects the strategic choices made by policymakers, which ultimately affect how the policy is implemented and how likely implementation.Clear objectives, equitable distribution of benefits, and adequate means are important elements of policy content that policymakers must consider.Political context, bureaucratic capacity, and public participation are also crucial factors that influence implementation.By understanding and managing related matters, policymakers can increase the likelihood of successful policy implementation.
The police have implemented various policies to address issues related to public order and law enforcement, especially in matters directly related to the community's daily activities.One of the related policies is a policy in the traffic sector such as the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement policy or what is often referred to by the public as ETLE.The implementation of ETLE in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police jurisdiction has not effectively addressed the high number of traffic violations.This is evident from the increase in recorded violations when manual ticketing stops are applied (Sari, 2023).The introduction of ETLE Mobile at various road points has also failed to significantly reduce the number of violations.From 2018 to 2023, the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police consistently recorded the highest number of traffic violations among regional police forces.
The statistics shown on Figure 1.highlight the complexity of the problems associated with the ETLE policy, indicating that its implementation has not yet resulted in a more orderly traffic system in the region (Pusiknas Polri, 2024).violations, the highest among all regional police jurisdictions.This is followed by Central Java Regional Police with 3,118,152 violations, East Java Regional Police with 2,780,701 violations, West Java Regional Police with 2,357,138 violations, and Banten Regional Police with 475,397 violations.
that its implementation has not yet resulted in a more orderly traffic system in the region.The chart signifies that despite the deployment of ETLE technology, the Greater Jakarta Metro Area continues to struggle with a high incidence of traffic violations.This raises questions about the effectiveness of the ETLE policy and suggests that additional measures or improvements are needed to achieve better traffic law enforcement and compliance.
Act No. 22/2009 has strongly mandated the authorized agency, in this case, the National Police, to realize traffic and road transport services that are safe and orderly traffic systems.This topic is considered important to be researched further and in-depth because the data has shown that the implementation of ETLE in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police jurisdiction from the time it was implemented until now has not been able to reduce the number of traffic violations effectively and tends to increase.This needs to be examined more comprehensively from a policy implementation perspective so that in the end, problems in implementation can be identified that hinder the goals to be achieved.
In recent years, there has been a surge in research on the implementation of ETLE.This research primarily focuses on the direct effects of ETLE implementation, namely in improving traffic compliance and lowering traffic accidents.For instance, Dandebo et al. (2021) examine the impact of ETLE, with a particular focus on its effectiveness, collaborative governance in its implementation, and the execution of road safety policies.Sajid & Nuharjadmo (2023) also conducted a study on the performance of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) and collaborative governance in the implementation of ETLE policy in Surakarta City.They also examined the impact of road safety policy in an international organization, the odd-even system policy in Jakarta, and the effectiveness of ETLE policy in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area.These studies yielded valuable insights into the immediate effects of ETLE on traffic compliance and safety.However, they have not analyzed the implementation method and how the policy implementation system could impact the overall success and sustainability of ETLE.Particularly, the dynamic relationship among various stakeholders, the structure of governance, and the intricate procedures involved in policy formulation and implementation.
Therefore, this study seeks to address this deficiency by performing a thorough analysis of the execution of the ETLE policy under the jurisdiction of the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police.
Using Grindle's (1980) policy implementation model theory (see Figure 2) which sees policy implementation as a process carried out by politics and government, the discussion in this study focuses on the execution of ETLE policy.The Grindle model is only used in this study's evaluation of the ETLE policy's ability to maintain an orderly traffic situation.Furthermore, the application of  The other dimension is the context of implementation; that dimension consists of three subdimensions.The first one is the power, interests, and strategies of the actors involved.In a policy, some things need to be considered such as the power, interests, and strategies of policy actors.This sub-dimension will explain how these three components can work together with each other directly or indirectly to support the course of policy implementation.Then, the second sub-dimension is institution and regime characteristics, the ruling government greatly affects the course of policy implementation.This sub-dimension will explain how the current institutions and regimes will affect the policy.The last sub-dimension is compliance and responsiveness.This sub-dimension will describe the extent to which the level of compliance and responsiveness of programme implementors in the context of responding to the dynamics that occur in policy implementation.Based on the background, the study aims to examine further the implementation of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) policy to realize an orderly traffic area in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police Jurisdiction.

METHOD
This research employs a qualitative approach within a post-positivist paradigm.The postpositivist approach recognizes the value of established theories but also allows for the emergence of new understandings through research (Creswell & Creswell, 2018).This framework enables the author to investigate various factors that influence the topic under study without being constrained by pre-existing theories.In collecting data and information, the author conducted in-depth interviews and literature reviews to determine whether the data supports or challenges existing theories.The indepth interviews will be analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns and insights.
observer implementers include officials who are directly involved in the implementation of the ETLE strategy from the level of the Metro Jaya regional police, including several actors involved such as

Vol. 18, No. 2, 2024
Jurnal Ilmu Kepolisian Vol. 18, No. 2, 2024, pp. 191-205 196 several scientists and other Indonesian citizens (Fauzi, 2021).The author determines respondents by purposive sampling, where this technique is based on certain assessments, such as examples of unique views or greatness, in order to ensure that the collected data is significant and useful by Neuman (2014).correspondents include the director of the Metro Jaya regional police traffic division, implementers in the sub-directorate of law enforcement, students at the police science college, public observers and other Indonesian citizens.

Policy Dynamics of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police
The dynamics of traffic problems since the ETLE method's implementation show how the procedure has been implemented in the Polda Metro Jaya jurisdiction (see Figure 3).According to data gathered by experts at the Indonesian National Police's National Criminal Law Information Centre, there seems to be a significant annual fluctuation in the overall number of traffic irregularities under Polda Metro Jaya's jurisdiction.According to news from Antara News, during the first nine days of the ETLE camera's deployment, there were over 1,134 deviations.This indicates that some inhabitants were not aware of the new regulation, as reported by Antara News in 2019.When it is put into practice, awareness of the ETLE Better driving conduct results from newcomers realizing that every infraction will be noted and dealt with.Still, this period of comprehension is fleeting.where the number of deviations started to rise again following the period of drop at the start of implementation, indicating variables that potentially affect these variations.While there is a chance that rising deviations will make the program less effective overall, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.two very significant factors that contribute to the storage are the uneven application of the legislation and the inadequate transit infrastructure.
Despite the fact that ETLE is offered to raise the degree of effectiveness Even though ETLE was created to improve law enforcement's efficiency, its scope is still somewhat narrow.based on information from WRI Indonesia (2018), only 19.8% of Jakarta's population really uses public transportation; yet, some individuals choose to drive their own cars.Due to the large volume of traffic and the dearth of public transportation, drivers frequently search for the side of the road for traffic laws in an effort to avoid traffic bottlenecks.By conducting in-depth interviews with the relevant parties, this study seeks to get a full understanding of the issues that could impact the ETLE policy.
In order to educate the public, the execution of this traffic decision is frequently balanced with the delivery.Nevertheless, this education's efficacy is not operating at optimal capacity.For instance, the community is confused by the constant changes made to laws and practices.
Unintentional deviations are caused by the inconsistent socialization of this knowledge, which influences the fluctuating level of deviations (Mayastinasari & Lufpi, 2022).The state of the economy and all kinds of communal activities have an impact on this inconsistency.Modifications to government policies that impact transportation, including the financial sector's actions during the COVID-19 epidemic, which resulted in traffic diversions, as stated by the Ministry of Transportation (2020).The social and cultural factors present in a community have an impact on the variations in traffic deviations.For example, the strong cultural association of owning a private vehicle as a symbol of social status persists in Jakarta, partly due to a development pattern that remains caroriented (CNN Indonesia, 2021).Many individuals prefer using private vehicles over public transport, despite inadequate road infrastructure to accommodate the growing number of vehicles.
Consequently, there has been an increase in traffic violations as people seek to avoid traffic jams or find faster alternative routes.Overall, fluctuations in traffic violation numbers within the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police jurisdiction result from various interacting factors, including the initial implementation of ETLE, infrastructure limitations, changing policies, economic conditions, and social and cultural changes, particularly those related to community attitudes toward traffic orderliness.Interviews with stakeholders can shed light on how cultural attitudes toward traffic rules impact policy effectiveness, offering deeper insights into these social and cultural aspects.

Interests Affected
This sub-dimension addresses the agendas or interests that drive the implementation of a given policy.In policy analysis, identifying the stakeholders involved-whether they support or oppose the policy-is crucial.This includes agendas from various sectors such as government, civil society, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector.Understanding these agendas is key to grasping the power dynamics and their influence on policy implementation (Grindle, 1980).The execution of this traffic decision is often balanced with the delivery in order to educate the public.
However, the effectiveness of this education is not working to its full potential.For example, the community finds it confusing that rules and procedures are changed on a regular basis.The uneven socialization of this knowledge leads to unintentional deviations, which in turn affects the varying degree of deviations.This discrepancy is influenced by various societal activities as well as the status of the economy.Government policy changes that affect transportation, such as the actions of the banking sector during the COVID-19 pandemic that caused traffic diversions (Ministry of Transportation, 2020).The variances in traffic diversions are influenced by the social and cultural characteristics that exist within a community.

Type of Benefits
The subdimension evaluates the different benefits received, such as who will gain from it and whether this aim may be attained directly or indirectly as well as in the medium and long terms.
in order to comprehend the laws and how they affect society.Grindle (1980) cites the advantages of the ETLE-related strategy, including less traffic congestion, improved air quality, and better pedestrian safety.Grindle's theory of policy implementation places a strong emphasis on the crucial aspect of making decisions actionable.Under the Metro Jaya regional police's jurisdiction, policies and regulations pertaining to ETLE are displayed through sub-dimension considerations, which can facilitate decision-making (Hidayat, 2022).Offer long-term guarantees and significant immediate benefits in the traffic culture system.Nevertheless, a lot of material concentrates on a variety of issues, including a lack of public awareness and several infrastructure-related barriers.

Extent of Change Envisioned
The degree of change that must be expected determines the degree of change that is taken into account when putting this policy into practice.this progresses from little tweaks to significant

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Regional Police with the Highest Number of Traffic Violations 2018-2023 (National Criminal Information Centre of the Indonesian National Police, 2024) illustrates how policy actors contribute to the realization of an ordered traffic area, this study improves our comprehension of the idea of ETLE policy implementation.The policy implementation model utilized in this study is based on the framework created by Merilee S. Grindle.The framework examines policy implementation from the standpoint of implementation, taking into account two aspects: the content of the policy and the context of its execution.Specific policy goals and resources, for instance, may go under the content dimension, whilst the sociopolitical climate and the administration's capacity for implementation may fall under the context dimension..

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Number of Traffic Violations in the Greater Jakarta Metro Area Police 2018-2023 (National Criminal Information Centre of the Indonesian National Police, 2024)